Chrome DevTools
Apesar do Selenium 4 providenciar acesso direto ao Protocolo Chrome DevTools (CDP), é altamente recomendável que você use o WebDriver Bidi APIs ao invés do acesso direto.
Muitos navegadores fornecem o “DevTools”, um conjunto de ferramentas integradas ao navegador, que desenvolvedores podem usar para depurar web apps analisar o desempenho de suas páginas. O DevTools do Google Chrome faz o uso de um protocolo chamado Protocolo Chrome DevTools (abreviado como “CDP”). Como o nome sugere, ele não foi projetado para testes, ou tem uma API estável, portanto, sua funcionalidade depende muito da versão do navegador de internet.
WebDriver Bidi é a próxima geração do protocolo W3C WebDriver e visa fornecer uma API estável implementado por todos os navegadores, mas ele ainda não está completo. Até que seja, o Selenium fornece acesso ao CDP para os navegadores que o implementam (como Google Chrome ou Microsoft Edge e Firefox), permitindo que você aprimore seus testes de maneiras interessantes. Alguns exemplos do que você pode fazer com ele são dadas abaixo.
Emular Geo Localização
Alguns aplicativos têm recursos e funcionalidades diferentes em diferentes locations. Automatizar esses tipos de aplicativos é complicado porque é difícil emular as geolocalizações no navegador usando o Selenium. Mas com a ajuda do Devtools, podemos facilmente as emular. O trecho do código abaixo demonstra isso.
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();
devTools.send(Emulation.setGeolocationOverride(Optional.of(52.5043),
Optional.of(13.4501),
Optional.of(1)));
driver.get("https://my-location.org/");
driver.quit();
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
def geoLocationTest():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
Map_coordinates = dict({
"latitude": 41.8781,
"longitude": -87.6298,
"accuracy": 100
})
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Emulation.setGeolocationOverride", Map_coordinates)
driver.get("<your site url>")
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools;
// Replace the version to match the Chrome version
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation;
namespace dotnet_test {
class Program {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
public static async Task GeoLocation() {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession();
var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings();
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351;
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758;
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1;
await devToolsSession
.GetVersionSpecificDomains<OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains>()
.Emulation
.SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings);
driver.Url = "<your site url>";
}
}
}
require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
# Latitude e longitude de Tóquio, Japão
coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487,
longitude: 139.691706,
accuracy: 100 }
driver.execute_cdp('Emulation.setGeolocationOverride', coordinates)
driver.get 'https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium'
ensure
driver.quit
end
const { By, Key, Browser} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const { suite } = require('selenium-webdriver/testing');
const assert = require("assert");
suite(function(env) {
describe('Emulate geolocation', function() {
let driver;
before(async function() {
driver = await env.builder().build();
});
after(() => driver.quit());
it('Emulate coordinates of Tokyo', async function() {
const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection('page');
// Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan
const coordinates = {
latitude: 35.689487,
longitude: 139.691706,
accuracy: 100,
};
await cdpConnection.execute(
"Emulation.setGeolocationOverride",
coordinates
);
await driver.get("https://kawasaki-india.com/dealer-locator/");
});
});
},{ browsers: [Browser.CHROME, Browser.FIREFOX]});import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools
fun main() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
val coordinates : HashMap<String, Any> = HashMap<String, Any> ()
coordinates.put("latitude", 50.2334)
coordinates.put("longitude", 0.2334)
coordinates.put("accuracy", 1)
driver.executeCdpCommand("Emulation.setGeolocationOverride", coordinates)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
}
Emular localização geográfica com o Remote WebDriver:
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("<grid-url>"), chromeOptions);
driver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
DevTools devTools = ((HasDevTools) driver).getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();
devTools.send(Emulation.setGeolocationOverride(Optional.of(52.5043),
Optional.of(13.4501),
Optional.of(1)));
driver.get("https://my-location.org/");
driver.quit();
from selenium import webdriver
#Replace the version to match the Chrome version
import selenium.webdriver.common.devtools.v93 as devtools
async def geoLocationTest():
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
driver = webdriver.Remote(
command_executor='<grid-url>',
options=chrome_options
)
async with driver.bidi_connection() as session:
cdpSession = session.session
await cdpSession.execute(devtools.emulation.set_geolocation_override(latitude=41.8781,longitude=-87.6298,accuracy=100))
driver.get("https://my-location.org/")
driver.quit()
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools;
// Replace the version to match the Chrome version
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation;
namespace dotnet_test {
class Program {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
public static async Task GeoLocation() {
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
RemoteWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri("<grid-url>"), chromeOptions);
DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession();
var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings();
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351;
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758;
geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1;
await devToolsSession
.GetVersionSpecificDomains<OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains>()
.Emulation
.SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings);
driver.Url = "https://my-location.org/";
}
}
}
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(
:remote,
:url => "<grid-url>",
:capabilities => :chrome)
begin
# Latitude e longitude de Tóquio, Japão
coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487,
longitude: 139.691706,
accuracy: 100 }
devToolsSession = driver.devtools
devToolsSession.send_cmd('Emulation.setGeolocationOverride', coordinates)
driver.get 'https://my-location.org/'
puts res
ensure
driver.quit
end
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
const BROWSER_NAME = webdriver.Browser.CHROME;
async function getDriver() {
return new webdriver.Builder()
.usingServer('<grid-url>')
.forBrowser(BROWSER_NAME)
.build();
}
async function executeCDPCommands () {
let driver = await getDriver();
await driver.get("<your site url>");
const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection('page');
//Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan
const coordinates = {
latitude: 35.689487,
longitude: 139.691706,
accuracy: 100,
};
await cdpConnection.execute(
"Emulation.setGeolocationOverride",
coordinates
);
await driver.quit();
}
executeCDPCommands();
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions
import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools
// Replace the version to match the Chrome version
import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v91.emulation.Emulation
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Augmenter
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver
import java.net.URL
import java.util.Optional
fun main() {
val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions()
var driver: WebDriver = RemoteWebDriver(URL("<grid-url>"), chromeOptions)
driver = Augmenter().augment(driver)
val devTools = (driver as HasDevTools).devTools
devTools.createSession()
devTools.send(
Emulation.setGeolocationOverride(
Optional.of(52.5043),
Optional.of(13.4501),
Optional.of(1)
)
)
driver["https://my-location.org/"]
driver.quit()
}
Modo de Dispositivo Override
Usando a integração do Selenium com o CDP, pode-se substituir o modo do dispositivo atual e simular um novo modo. Width(largura), Height(altura), mobile(mobilidade) e deviceScaleFactor são parâmetros obrigatórios. Parâmetros opcionais incluem scale(escala), screenWidth(largura da tela), screenHeight(altura da tela), positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible(não setar como visível), screenOrientation(orientação da tela), viewport e displayFeature.
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();
// iPhone 11 Pro dimensions
devTools.send(Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride(375,
812,
50,
true,
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty(),
Optional.empty()));
driver.get("https://selenium.dev/");
driver.quit();from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
// iPhone 11 Pro dimensions
set_device_metrics_override = dict({
"width": 375,
"height": 812,
"deviceScaleFactor": 50,
"mobile": True
})
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride', set_device_metrics_override)
driver.get("<your site url>")using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V91.Emulation;
using DevToolsSessionDomains = OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V91.DevToolsSessionDomains;
namespace Selenium4Sample {
public class ExampleDevice {
protected IDevToolsSession session;
protected IWebDriver driver;
protected DevToolsSessionDomains devToolsSession;
public async Task DeviceModeTest() {
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
//Set ChromeDriver
driver = new ChromeDriver();
//Get DevTools
IDevTools devTools = driver as IDevTools;
//DevTools Session
session = devTools.GetDevToolsSession();
var deviceModeSetting = new SetDeviceMetricsOverrideCommandSettings();
deviceModeSetting.Width = 600;
deviceModeSetting.Height = 1000;
deviceModeSetting.Mobile = true;
deviceModeSetting.DeviceScaleFactor = 50;
await session
.GetVersionSpecificDomains < OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V91.DevToolsSessionDomains > ()
.Emulation
.SetDeviceMetricsOverride(deviceModeSetting);
driver.Url = "<your site url>";
}
}
}require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
metrics = { width: 300,
height: 200,
mobile: true,
deviceScaleFactor: 50 }
driver.execute_cdp('Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride', metrics)
driver.get 'https://www.google.com'
ensure
driver.quit
endconst {Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const firefox = require('selenium-webdriver/firefox');
const options = new firefox.Options();
// enable debugger for CDP
options.enableDebugger();
(async function example() {
try {
let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('firefox').setFirefoxOptions(options).build();
const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection('page');
const metrics = {
width: 300,
height: 200,
deviceScaleFactor: 50,
mobile: true,
};
await pageCdpConnection.execute(
"Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride",
metrics
);
await driver.get("https://www.google.com");
await driver.quit();
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
}
})();fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() {
val driver = ChromeDriver()
val deviceMetrics: Map<String, Any> = object : HashMap<String, Any>() {
init {
put("width", 600)
put("height", 1000)
put("mobile", true)
put("deviceScaleFactor", 50)
}
}
driver.executeCdpCommand("Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride", deviceMetrics)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
driver.quit()
}Coletando Métricas de Desempenho
Colete várias métricas de desempenho enquanto navega no aplicativo.
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools;
public void performanceMetricsExample() {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();
devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty()));
List<Metric> metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics());
driver.get("https://google.com");
driver.quit();
for(Metric m : metricList) {
System.out.println(m.getName() + " = " + m.getValue());
}
}from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.duckduckgo.com')
driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Performance.enable', {})
t = driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Performance.getMetrics', {})
print(t)
driver.quit()// File must contain the following using statements
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools;
// We must use a version-specific set of domains
using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V94.Performance;
public async Task PerformanceMetricsExample()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
IDevTools devTools = driver as IDevTools;
DevToolsSession session = devTools.GetDevToolsSession();
await session.SendCommand<EnableCommandSettings>(new EnableCommandSettings());
var metricsResponse =
await session.SendCommand<GetMetricsCommandSettings, GetMetricsCommandResponse>(
new GetMetricsCommandSettings());
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.google.com");
driver.Quit();
var metrics = metricsResponse.Metrics;
foreach (Metric metric in metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", metric.Name, metric.Value);
}
}require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
begin
driver.get 'https://www.duckduckgo.com'
driver.execute_cdp('Performance.enable', {})
metrics = driver.execute_cdp('Performance.getMetrics', {})
puts metrics
ensure
driver.quit
endawait driver.get("https://www.duckduckgo.com");
await driver.sendAndGetDevToolsCommand('Performance.enable')
let result = await driver.sendAndGetDevToolsCommand('Performance.getMetrics')
console.log(result)
await driver.quit();val driver = ChromeDriver()
val devTools = driver.devTools
devTools.createSession()
devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty()))
val metricList: List<Metric> = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics())
driver["https://google.com"]
driver.quit()
for (m in metricList) {
println(m.name.toString() + " = " + m.value)
}Última modificação May 18, 2023: Update install drivers documentation (#1385) (302c8a5a4b)
